Tree pruning is the process of selectively removing or shortening branches and twigs to improve a tree’s health, form and function. It can also correct structural weaknesses, address safety hazards and help prevent or stop the spread of disease. Trees can be pruned at any time, however there are a number of key factors that need to be considered before the pruning begins. Proper pruning is essential for maintaining a healthy tree, maximizing its value and increasing its lifespan. When performing pruning, always work with a definite plan in mind and remember that each cut you make has a direct impact on the final look of the plant. Generally speaking, there are several types of cuts that can be made when pruning trees and shrubs. Structural cuts are the most common and usually involve reducing the overall size of a plant. They could include removing the top of a plant, thinning out the canopy or removing limbs that are interfering with utility lines or rubbing against homes or buildings. Another type of structural pruning is the removal of dead or dying limbs. This is a very important element of any pruning program because it decreases the likelihood of limb failure and provides an opportunity for new growth to emerge. The first step in any pruning project should be to remove any dead, broken or diseased limbs. After that, a skilled pruner will address issues such as crossing and rubbing branches or those growing in the wrong direction. This can be accomplished by re-directing those branches into more desirable locations and/or removing the branch entirely. It is important not to over-prune a plant as this can lead to problems such as crown dieback, water damage or insect invasions. When a live branch is being removed, it is important that the proper three-cut technique be used to prevent damage to the trunk or adjacent limbs. This requires making a cut on the underside of the branch, then traveling up the side of the branch and cutting again. The last cut should be on the topside of the branch, removing any stubs left behind. Leaving these stubs behind creates an open wound that is susceptible to insects and diseases and can compromise the integrity of the entire branch structure. It is also a good idea to never seal pruning cuts with paint or tar as this does not aid in healing and can actually hinder the natural defenses of a tree. All thinning, reducing and shaping cuts are done by removing or shortening the length of a limb or branch by cutting it back to a bud, another branch, twig or a branch that is pointed in the desired direction of growth. It is important to always cut just outside of the branch bark ridge and collar as this allows for the tree to properly close the wound. Branches that are shorter than the lowest permanent branch on a plant should be removed after a few years as they will eventually die and fall off the plant. Keeping a plant at its ideal shape requires training and this can be accomplished by simply removing any lateral branches that are not needed for the desired shape. It is a great way to keep the plant in its natural form without sacrificing its overall beauty. via https://treechangenq.wordpress.com/2024/01/11/tree-pruning-basics/
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